Plaque is a sticky film that is always on your teeth. Bacteria that live in the plaque can cause your gums to become red, puffy, and swollen.

Not seeing the hygienist regularly can allow for plaque to harden and turn into calculus (aka tartar). Over time, your body responds to the toxins that the bacteria produce by breaking down the gum tissues and bone around your teeth. Eventually, your teeth might become loose, need to be removed, or fall out.

Severe bone loss (periodontal disease) may cause pain and/or swelling. Perio disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy complications